Living with a

Small Office Home Office Network (SOHO)

2006 Edition

 

 

Tom Schmidt

Schmidt Consulting

2 March 2006

tom@tschmidt.com

http://www.tschmidt.com

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Abstract

This paper discusses our experience setting up and using a small office home office (SOHO) network over a number of years. It offers guidance on selecting a high-speed Internet Service Provider (ISP), presents Local Area Network (LAN) options, describes Internet sharing methods, and discusses typical network services.

 

Internet access is via 1500/384 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), provided by the local Telephone Company. A NAT router allows multiple computers to share the connection. The router automatically falls back to dialup if DSL fails. The LAN uses Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps) providing high-speed internal communication for file sharing. LAN services include:  file backup, network printing, NNTP timeserver, DNS server, Syslog log file server and local web server. IPsec Virtual Private Network (VPN) client provides secure access to the corporate network. This allows access to corporate resources while telecommuting or on the road.

 

A local hosting service hosts our business web server and e-mail. Use of a Hosting service moves web site traffic off the broadband connection. It also significantly eases the task of securing the local network.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

1     Overview... 1

2     Internet – Much More Than World Wide Web.. 2

2.1      ISP. 2

2.2      Routing.. 2

2.3      Internet Terminology.. 2

2.4      IP Address. 3

2.4.1       Dotted-Decimal Notation. 3

2.4.2       Subnet 3

2.4.3       Class vs Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR). 4

2.4.4       Port Number. 4

2.4.5       Private Address Block. 4

2.4.6       AutoIP Address Block. 4

2.4.7       Local Host Address. 5

2.4.8       Multicast Address Block. 5

2.4.9       Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). 5

2.5      Naming Convention.. 5

2.5.1       Domain Name Service (DNS). 5

3     Wiring Techniques – Cables and Connectors.. 6

3.1      Structured Wiring.. 6

3.2      UTP Cable Types. 9

3.3      Modular Connectors. 9

3.3.1       Telco Uniform Service Ordering Code (USOC) Pinout 9

3.3.2       TIA T568A and T568B Structured Wiring Pin out 10

3.4      Type 66 Punch down Block.. 10

3.5      Type 110 Punch down Block.. 10

3.6      Wiring Color Code. 12

3.7      Patch Cables. 12

3.8      Tools. 13

4     Local Area Network (LAN) – Ethernet for Everyone. 16

4.1      Ethernet.. 16

4.2      Packet Network Basics. 16

4.2.1       10  – 100 – 1,000 – 10,000 Mbps. 16

4.2.2       Media Access Controller (MAC) Address. 16

4.2.3       Hubs vs Switches. 16

4.2.4       Managed vs Unmanaged Hubs and Switches. 17

4.2.5       Topology. 17

4.2.6       Virtual LAN (VLAN). 17

4.2.7       Quality of Service (QoS). 18

4.3      WiFi Ethernet Radio (WLAN) 18

4.4      Alternatives. 18

4.4.1       Phone Line Networking. 18

4.4.2       Power line Networking. 18

4.4.3       Ethernet over Coax. 18

4.5      SOHO LAN Implementation.. 19

5     Telephone – Not Just for Voice Anymore. 20

5.1      Telco Network Interface Device (NID) 21

5.2      Secondary Lightning Protection.. 22

5.3      POTS/DSL Splitter.. 23

5.4      Modem Access Adapter.. 24

5.5      Putting it all Together.. 25

6     Broadband Router – One Connection So Many Computers.. 26

6.1      Network Address Translation (NAT) 28

6.1.1       Performance. 28

6.1.2       Limitations of NAT. 28

6.2      WAN Interface. 28

6.2.1       Automatic Fail Over. 28

6.2.2       Multiple ISPs. 29

6.3      LAN Address Assignment.. 29